By the WHO 2021 reference, a semen analysis is within range with volume ≥ 1.4 mL, concentration ≥ 16 million/mL, total count ≥ 39 million per ejaculation, progressive motility ≥ 30%, normal morphology ≥ 4% and vitality ≥ 54%. A result below the reference is not a verdict: the clinical standard is to repeat the test in 4 to 12 weeks.
| Parameter | Reference value | What it indicates |
|---|---|---|
| Volume | ≥ 1.4 mL | Prostate, seminal vesicles |
| Concentration | ≥ 16 million/mL | Total amount |
| Total sperm count | ≥ 39 million/ejaculation | Absolute total |
| Progressive motility | ≥ 30% | Ability to reach the egg |
| Normal morphology | ≥ 4% | Proper shape |
| Vitality | ≥ 54% | How many are alive |
Source: WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 6th ed., 2021.
Each value is a minimum: the result is within the reference when it is at or above that number. The values are quite specific, so it's worth knowing them before the report arrives.
Look at every line, not only concentration. A sample can have plenty of sperm and still fall short on progressive motility, the ability to reach the egg, or on normal morphology, the proper shape. Each row answers a different question.
When a parameter falls short, the report or the doctor may use one of these terms:
Each of these names describes what was found in one sample. Because sperm production varies month to month, what you do next matters more than the name.
If the result comes back below the reference, do NOT assume "male infertility". Sperm production varies month to month. The clinical standard is to repeat the test in 4 to 12 weeks before drawing conclusions and, in parallel, to implement habit changes.
Many men with a bad first test come back normal after 3 to 6 months of adjustments. Unlike eggs, which are finite, sperm is produced continuously, and habit changes show a measurable effect in 90 days. Fever in the 2 weeks before collection and some recent antibiotics also affect the parameters, one more reason not to judge by a single sample.
These values come from Chapter 25 of Map to the Positive, "His fertility: what he needs to do", in Station III (Optimization). Beyond the table, the chapter gives the 10 habits that change sperm quality, how to prepare for the collection and the full list of signs that call for a urologist. The book treats his side as half the equation, not an afterthought.
Take 30 days. If it does not give you more clarity than everything you have read for free so far, ask for a refund and you get every cent back. We cannot promise you a pregnancy. We can promise you will not be guessing.
References: WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen, 6th ed., 2021.